INFORMATICS PRACTICES
CLASS XII
UNIT –Web Application Development
Q1. What do you understand by the following?
(i) URL The full form
of URL is Uniform Resource Locator. A
URL refers to an address on the
internet. Billions of documents/multimedia files can be accessed on internet through their URLs
(ii) Multimedia:- Multimedia refers to usage of multiple
media such as text, photographs , graphics, video and audio at the same time. A
multimedia file is a combination of media like text, photographs, graphics,
video and audio.
Q2. What is protocol? How do protocols affect Internet?
Ans:- A protocol is set of rules governing an operation or
application.
On internet, various protocols play their roles e.g network
addressing on internet is based upon a protocol called Internet protocol.
Similarly a particular location on Internet may be accessed using HTTP(Hyper
Text Transfer Protocol)
Q3. Differentiate between web browser & web server
Ans:- A WWW client is called a web browser and WWW server is
called Web Server
A web browser navigates through the world wide web and
displays pages. The web browser requests a page from a web server. The web
server makes available the desired page to web browser
Q4. In the URL http://www.mycorp.com/pr/master.htm,
what is the http component
Ans:- http specifies the type of server
Q5. . In the URL http://www.mycorp.com/pr/master.htm,
what is the www.mycorp.com component
Ans:- www.mycorp.com:
is address of the server
Q6. In the URL http://www.mycorp.com/pr/master.htm,
what is the /pr/master.htm component
Ans:-/pr/master.htm is the path of the file master.htm.
Q7. How is file communicated to another computer on
internet?
Ans FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is employed for
transferring files from one computer to another on internet.
Q8. HTML stands for……………..
Ans Hyper Text Markup Language.
Q9. What to understand by tag?
Ans: A tag is a coded HTML command that indicates how part of a web page should be displayed.
Q10. What is an attribute in HTML?
Ans: An attribute is a special word used inside an HTML tag
and which specifies, additional information to tag such as color, alignment,
height or width.
Q11. Define the tag,<HTML>
Ans:- The <HTML> tag identifies the documents as an
HTML document. An HTML document begins with <HTML> and ends with
</HTML>.
Q12. HR tag is used for……….
Ans:- Separating sections of a document visually.
Q13. <TITLE> tag is used to define…………..
Ans:- document’s title
Q14. What is the basic structure of HTML File?
Ans:- <HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE> Title of page is
written here </TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
The HTML tags that define your page go here
</BODY>
</HTML>
Q15. Face attribute is used with ……..tag and used for……………….
Ans:- FONT, changing font type of the text.
Q16. To align multiple lines of text we use………..
Ans Align
Q17.What is the use of ‘size’ in <BASEFONT> tag?
Ans:- Attribute size,
determines the document’s base font size. The size can have an absolute value
from 1 to 7 e.g size=5 or as a relative value by placing a plus or minus sign
before the value.
Q18. List and define different types of paragraph
alignments.
Ans:- Paragraph
alignment can be either LEFT (Left to Right) or Right(Right to Left) or
CENTER.
Q19. The value of #FFFFFF is
Ans White
Q20. The value of #000000 is
Ans Black
Q21. The default alignment text is________________ default
text color is_____________ and the default background color is__________
Ans Left, black, grey
Q22. The tags that require a starting as well as ending tag
are called________________
Ans Container Element
Q23. To specify the background image for the document,
Background attribute is used with which of the following tags?
Ans:- <BODY>
Q24. To define the basic font size, which of the following
tag is used?
Ans:- BASEFONT
Q25. What is the use of <CENTER> tag in an HTML
document?
Ans:- <CENTER> tag is used to center align text and an
image.
Q26. Which html tag and corresponding attributes are used to
include an image as the background of an html document?
Ans:-<BODY> tag and Background attribute
Q27.How is <P> tag different from <BR> tag in
HTML?
Ans:- <P> tag inserts a blank line and starts a new
paragraph
<BR> tag forces text to anew line like the <P>
tag but without inserting a blank line.
Q28. The textual comment that appears in the source HTML
document but is not rendered by browser is called……….
Ans:- Comment
Q29. Comments are enclosed in… and ….. tags
Ans:- [<!--,- - >]
Q30. By default <HR produces a________rule
Ans:- [3-D] rule
Q31._________text styles are handled in its own way by the
browser
Ans:-[Logical]
Q32. To display an
(and Symbol) on the Web page,…. Is used in the source HTML code
Ans:-[&]
Q33. Two tags break the line flow. These are……
Ans:- [BR>, <HR>]
Q34. Background color is set by attribute and background
graphic is set by……. Attribute of ….tag
Ans:-[Bgcolor, Background, Body]
Q35. What type of lists are supported by HTML
Ans:-Unnumbered, Numbered, Definition
Q36. Which three tags lets you create the definition lists
Ans:-A definition list(coded as <DL>) usually consists
of altering a definition term(coded as <DT>) and a definition description
(coded as <DD>)
Q37.Which two tags lets you create the unnumbered lists and
numbered lists
Ans-<UL> and<LI>
<OL> and
<LI>
Q38 What is a table
?Which tag is used to create tables in HTML?
Ans:- Tables: Data arranged into rows and columns of cells
An HTML table is presented and manipulated with the help of
these tags
<TABLE>,
<TBODY>,<THEAD>,<TFOOT>,<TR>,<TD>, and
<TH>.
Q39. Which attributes are used to give border to a table?
Ans:- BORDER attribute to specify border
BORDERCOLOR attribute to specify color of border
FRAME attribute to state which portion of border will render
RULES attribute deals with inside border edges
Q40. Which attribute let you control the display of select
border sides of a table.
Ams:- FRAME attribute
Q41. Which attribute is used to control the inside table
border
Ans:-RULES attribute
Q42. How is spacing in cells of table controlled
Ans: To control the spacing in cells, the CELLSPACING and
CELLPADDING attributes can be used.
Q43. How can a 2D or #D horizontal rule be displayed
Ans 3D horizontal rule can be displayed using <HR>
tag. To have a flat 2D rule just add noshade
to <HR> tag
Q44. which tag is used to specify
(i)
table data
<td>
(ii)
(ii) table header <th>
(iii)
(iii) table row <tr>
Q45. Name the attributes used for following
Ans:
(i) setting the cell width WIDTH
(ii)setting cell’s background color BGCOLOR
(iii)setting cell’s background image BACKGROUND
(iv) changing the cell span ROWSPAN and COLSPAN
(v) aligning cell contents vertically VALIGN
Q46. A set of header rows is defined using___________ tag
Ans:- <THEAD>
Q47. what are forms?
Forms provides a means by which one can prompt the web surfer for information, and
allow the surfer to enter the information into the web page.
Q48. What do you understand by controls in forms?
Ans:-Users interact with forms through some special elements
called controls
Q49. Name different control types supported by HTML forms
Ans:- HTML defines these control types: buttons, checkboxes,
radio buttons, menus, text boxes, text areas, password control and hidden
controls.
Q50Write the tags to define the following:-
Ans:-
(i)
Text Box
<INPUT type =”text” name=”name
of the text box”>
(ii)
A text area
<TEXT AREA rows = “rows here
cols = “columns here “ name = “name of text area here”>
(iii)
A radio button
<INPUT type = “radio” name = “
rbutton” value = “radio button”>
(iv)
A check box
<INPUT type = “checkbox” name =
“ nameOf The checkbox “ value = “the valueTobeused”>
(v)
A password box
<INPUT type = “password “ name
=” <name of the password box”>
(vi)
A submit button
<INPUT type =”submit” name =
“submit “ value =”submit”/>
(vii)
A label
<LABEL for = label “> content
here </LABEL>
Q51. Expand the following:
Ans:XML:- Extensible Markup language
EDI:-
Electronic data Interchange
CSS:-
Cascading Style Sheet
DTD:-Document
Type Definition
Q52. What is markup Language?
Ans:- A markup language is set of rules/tags that define the
structure and format of text while presenting text.
Q53. what is XML?
Ans:- XML is eXtensible markup language which allows to
create application specific structured documents by allowing creation of new
tags. These structured documents can later be rendered(i.e. presented in human
understandable manner) in different ways.
Q54. Name some markup languages based on XML?
Ans:- InkML- Ink Markup Language
RecipeML:-Recipe Markup Language
Q55. What is prolog?
Ans:- The Prolog is a preface or introduction to XML
document. It can contain upto five option components. The grammar structure of
the XML document is defined under prolog.
Q56. What is data instance?
Ans:- The data instance consists of real data and its
description through elements. It is also known as body of XML document.
Q57. What is element? What is attribute?
Ans:- Elements are means to define individual data items. An
element begins with a start tag and ends with an end tag.
Attributes are the property settings of element given
through name values pairs.
Q58.What is DTD?
Ans: DTD is set of rules that defines what tags appear in an
XML document, so that viewers of XML document know what all the tags mean. DTDs
also describe the structure of a document.
Q59. What is a valid document?
Ans:- A valid XML document is the one that is well formed
and confirms to the specifications of DTD. In other words, valid documents must
confirm not only to the syntax, but also to DTD.
Q60. Name a predefined markup language?
Ans:- HTML
Q61. Name a meta language?
Ans:- SGML and XML
Q62. Can an XML document be well formed but not valid or
vice versa?
Ans:- An XML document can be well formed but still not
valid, but each valid document has to well
formed.
Q63. What all tags are required in every HTML page?
Ans:- <HTML>, <HEAD>, <TITLE> and
<BODY>
Q64. What is root element? What is its significance? What is
its alternate name?
Ans:- XML documents require that there must be one element
which is parent of all other elements in data instance.
The parent element of all other elements in data instance is
known as root element or document element.
Q65. How are tags used in XML different from tags in HTML?
Write two points.
Ans :- XML
·
New tags can be created using XML
·
XML tags cannot be empty tags.
HTML
- New tags cannot be created using HTLM tags
- HTML tags can be empty tags.
Q66. What is wrong in the following coding?
(i)
<HEAD><my web page>
<TITLE> welcome to my web
page
</HEAD>
</TITLE>
Ans:- <my web
page> is not an HTML tag
(ii)
<FONT name= “Arial”, type =”Bold” size=3>
Ans:- name is not an attribute of tag <FONT>
(iii)
<FONT face = comic sans ms color= Red>
Ans:- attribute values should be
in double codes
(iv)
<FONT color= #345678
Ans:- Ending of tag is missing
(v)
<BODY color = “Red” background = “Myimage .jpg”>
Ans:- color is not an attribute of
<BODY>
(vi)
<BR
</BR>
Ans:- <BR> represents single
action and do not have beginning or ending.
(vii)
<P Font face = “Arial” color = “Blue”>
Ans:-<P>
and <FONT> have not been combined correctly.
(viii)<Body
Margin top = 60 left =75>
Text with
changed margin </Body>
Ans:- Margin Top and Left are not
attributes of tag<Body> . For given Top margin TopMargin attributes
should be used and for setting Left margin attribute should be used.
(ix) <BASEFONT SIZE =5>
<BODY> Text with New format
</BODY>
Ans:- <BaseFont Size =5>
should come after <BODY>
(x) <HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE> New Page
</HEAD
</TITLE>
</HTML>
Ans:- Ending </TITLE> of
title tag should come before ending of head tag i.e. </HEAD>
Q67. Differentiate between
<TITLE> and <HEAD> tag
Ans:- The HEAD tag is used to
define the document header. The HEAD tag contains information about the
document including its title, scripts used, style definitions and document
descriptions.
The title element contains your
document title and identifies its content in a global context. The title is
typically displayed in the title bar at the top of the browser window.
To add <HEAD> tag we enter
it between <HTML> tags ; to add <TITLE> tag we enter in between
<HEAD> tag.
Q68. Differentiate between
container and empty tags.
Ans:- Container elements require
pair tags i.e a staring as well as an ending tag i.e
<TITLE>…<?TITLE>, <HEAD>…</HEAD>.
Empty elements require just a
starting tag and not an ending tag e.g. <BR>, <BASE>.
Q69. List and define different
types of heading tags.
Ans. Different types of heading
tags are <H1>, <H2>, <H3>, <H4>,<H5>, and
<H6> each one representing different levels of headings with <H1>
being the largest.
Q70. List and explain the
different attributes of body tag
Ans:-
(i)
background:- to load an image and using it as a
background when displaying a page.
(ii)
bgcolor:-to change background color
(iii)
text:-to change color of text.
(iv)
link:-to change color of links
(v)
vlink:-t change color of visited links
(vi)
alink:-to change color of active links.
(vii)
leftmargin:-to leave some blank area in the left side.
(viii)
topmargin:-to set the top margin i.e distance from top
edge.
Q71. What is the difference
between <BASEFONT> and
<FONT> tag?
Ans:- The <BASEFONT> tag
lets you define the basic size for the font, the browser wil use to render
normal document text i.e the text for which no other font size setting has been
provided. The <FONT> tag lets you
change the size, style and color of text
It is generally used for changing the
appearance of a short segment of text.
Q72. What is the
role of ALIGN attribute of <TABLE> tag
Ans:- To align a table , ALIGN attribute of <TABLE>
tag may be used. This can have values left, right and center indicating that
that the table should be placed against the lefty or right margin of the text
flow, with the text flowing around the table, or in the middle with the text
flow above and below.
Q73. Differentiate between ordered and unordered lists?
Ans:- The <UL> tag is used for defining unordered
list(or unnumbered list). In these lists a special bullet symbol appears in
front of every list item.
The <OL> tag is used for defining ordered lists. In
these lists a number or letter appears in front of every list item.
Q74. Write HTML code to produce these controls:
Ans:- (i) a text box :-
<INPUT type= “text” name = “name of the text box”>
(ii)a text area with 10 rows and 30 columns:-
<TEXT AREA rows=”10” cols =”30” name =”Tarea”>
Enter
description here
</TEXT
AREA>
(iii)A password text box
Ans:- <INPUT type = “password “ name = “ name of password
box”>
Q75. Compare HTML and XML briefly?
Ans:- HTML
- HTML documents formats and displays web pages data
- HTML tags are predefined
- HTML tags may not have closing tag
- HTML tags are not case sensitive
- HTML document documents are directly viewable in a browser.
XML
- XML documents carry data along with their description
- XML tags are not predefined
- XML tags must have a closing tag
- XML tag are case sensitive.
- XML document can be viewed only if proper CSS/XSL file is also available along with XML file.
Q76. What is the significance of root element? What is its
alternative name?
Ans:-XML documents require that there must be one element
which is parent of all other elements in data instance.
The parent element of all other elements in data instance is
known as root element or document element.
Q77. What is declared
empty tag?
Ans:- A declared empty tag (or simply empty tag> is a tag
without end tag. It is written as the tag name with a following slash e.g.
<etag/> can be written in place of writing
<etag>
</etag>
Q78. What is XML document system? How it is different from
XML document or XML file?
Ans:- XML document system is the set of all related files
and documents that are needed when an XML based file is to be rendered on web.
It comprises of :-
(i)
a stylesheet file (CSS or XSL etc.)
(ii)
grammar structure(DTD).
(iii)
Semantics of data <XML file>
The XML document or XML file is a component of XML document
system. An XML document contains the real data and its semantics.
Q79. What do you understand by well formed document?
Ans:- A document that obeys the syntax of XML is well formed
document.
A document that includes sequence of markup characters that cannot be parsed or are invalid cannot be
well formed. If all tags in a document are correctly formed and follow XML
guidelines, then a document is considered as well formed.
Q80. What do you understand by elements and attributes of
XML document?
And:- Elements are means to define individual data items. An
element begins with start tag and ends with end tag
The properties of elements cab be described through
attributes. Attributes are the property settings of element, given through name
value pairs.
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