CLASS XII: HTML & XML

INFORMATICS PRACTICES

CLASS XII

UNIT –Web Application Development

Q1. What do you understand by the following?

(i) URL The full form of URL is Uniform Resource Locator. A URL refers to an address on the internet. Billions of documents/multimedia files can be accessed on internet through their URLs

(ii) Multimedia:- Multimedia refers to usage of multiple media such as text, photographs , graphics, video and audio at the same time. A multimedia file is a combination of media like text, photographs, graphics, video and audio.

Q2. What is protocol? How do protocols affect Internet?

Ans:- A protocol is set of rules governing an operation or application.

On internet, various protocols play their roles e.g network addressing on internet is based upon a protocol called Internet protocol. Similarly a particular location on Internet may be accessed using HTTP(Hyper Text Transfer Protocol)

Q3. Differentiate between web browser & web server

Ans:- A WWW client is called a web browser and WWW server is called Web Server

A web browser navigates through the world wide web and displays pages. The web browser requests a page from a web server. The web server makes available the desired page to web browser

Q4. In the URL http://www.mycorp.com/pr/master.htm, what is the http component

Ans:- http specifies the type of server

Q5. . In the URL http://www.mycorp.com/pr/master.htm, what is the www.mycorp.com component

Ans:- www.mycorp.com: is address of the server

Q6. In the URL http://www.mycorp.com/pr/master.htm, what is the /pr/master.htm component

Ans:-/pr/master.htm is the path of the file master.htm.

Q7. How is file communicated to another computer on internet?

Ans FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is employed for transferring files from one computer to another on internet.

Q8. HTML stands for……………..

Ans Hyper Text Markup Language.

Q9. What to understand by tag?

Ans: A tag is a coded HTML command that indicates how part of a web page should be displayed.

Q10. What is an attribute in HTML?

Ans: An attribute is a special word used inside an HTML tag and which specifies, additional information to tag such as color, alignment, height or width.

Q11. Define the tag,<HTML>

Ans:- The <HTML> tag identifies the documents as an HTML document. An HTML document begins with <HTML> and ends with </HTML>.

Q12. HR tag is used for……….

Ans:- Separating sections of a document visually.

Q13. <TITLE> tag is used to define…………..

Ans:- document’s title

Q14. What is the basic structure of HTML File?

Ans:- <HTML>

<HEAD>

<TITLE> Title of page is written here </TITLE>

</HEAD>

<BODY>

The HTML tags that define your page go here

</BODY>

</HTML>

Q15. Face attribute is used with ……..tag and used for……………….

Ans:- FONT, changing font type of the text.

Q16. To align multiple lines of text we use………..

Ans Align

Q17.What is the use of ‘size’ in <BASEFONT> tag?

Ans:- Attribute size, determines the document’s base font size. The size can have an absolute value from 1 to 7 e.g size=5 or as a relative value by placing a plus or minus sign before the value.

Q18. List and define different types of paragraph alignments.

Ans:- Paragraph alignment can be either LEFT (Left to Right) or Right(Right to Left) or CENTER.

Q19. The value of #FFFFFF is

Ans White

Q20. The value of #000000 is

Ans Black

Q21. The default alignment text is________________ default text color is_____________ and the default background color is__________

Ans Left, black, grey

Q22. The tags that require a starting as well as ending tag are called________________

Ans Container Element

Q23. To specify the background image for the document, Background attribute is used with which of the following tags?

Ans:- <BODY>

Q24. To define the basic font size, which of the following tag is used?

Ans:- BASEFONT

Q25. What is the use of <CENTER> tag in an HTML document?

Ans:- <CENTER> tag is used to center align text and an image.

Q26. Which html tag and corresponding attributes are used to include an image as the background of an html document?

Ans:-<BODY> tag and Background attribute

Q27.How is <P> tag different from <BR> tag in HTML?

Ans:- <P> tag inserts a blank line and starts a new paragraph

<BR> tag forces text to anew line like the <P> tag but without inserting a blank line.

Q28. The textual comment that appears in the source HTML document but is not rendered by browser is called……….

Ans:- Comment

Q29. Comments are enclosed in… and ….. tags

Ans:- [<!--,- - >]

Q30. By default <HR produces a________rule

Ans:- [3-D] rule

Q31._________text styles are handled in its own way by the browser

Ans:-[Logical]

Q32. To display an (and Symbol) on the Web page,…. Is used in the source HTML code

Ans:-[&]

Q33. Two tags break the line flow. These are……

Ans:- [BR>, <HR>]

Q34. Background color is set by attribute and background graphic is set by……. Attribute of ….tag

Ans:-[Bgcolor, Background, Body]

Q35. What type of lists are supported by HTML

Ans:-Unnumbered, Numbered, Definition

Q36. Which three tags lets you create the definition lists

Ans:-A definition list(coded as <DL>) usually consists of altering a definition term(coded as <DT>) and a definition description (coded as <DD>)

Q37.Which two tags lets you create the unnumbered lists and numbered lists

Ans-<UL> and<LI>

Q38 What is a table ?Which tag is used to create tables in HTML?

Ans:- Tables: Data arranged into rows and columns of cells

An HTML table is presented and manipulated with the help of these tags

<TABLE>, <TBODY>,<THEAD>,<TFOOT>,<TR>,<TD>, and <TH>.

Q39. Which attributes are used to give border to a table?

Ans:- BORDER attribute to specify border

BORDERCOLOR attribute to specify color of border

FRAME attribute to state which portion of border will render

RULES attribute deals with inside border edges

Q40. Which attribute let you control the display of select border sides of a table.

Ams:- FRAME attribute

Q41. Which attribute is used to control the inside table border

Ans:-RULES attribute

Q42. How is spacing in cells of table controlled

Ans: To control the spacing in cells, the CELLSPACING and CELLPADDING attributes can be used.

Q43. How can a 2D or #D horizontal rule be displayed

Ans 3D horizontal rule can be displayed using <HR> tag. To have a flat 2D rule just add noshade to <HR> tag

Q44. which tag is used to specify

(i) table data <td>

(ii) (ii) table header <th>

(iii) (iii) table row <tr>

Q45. Name the attributes used for following

Ans:

(i) setting the cell width WIDTH

(ii)setting cell’s background color BGCOLOR

(iii)setting cell’s background image BACKGROUND

(iv) changing the cell span ROWSPAN and COLSPAN

(v) aligning cell contents vertically VALIGN

Q46. A set of header rows is defined using___________ tag

Ans:- <THEAD>

Q47. what are forms?

Forms provides a means by which one can prompt the web surfer for information, and allow the surfer to enter the information into the web page.

Q48. What do you understand by controls in forms?

Ans:-Users interact with forms through some special elements called controls

Q49. Name different control types supported by HTML forms

Ans:- HTML defines these control types: buttons, checkboxes, radio buttons, menus, text boxes, text areas, password control and hidden controls.

Q50Write the tags to define the following:-

Ans:-

(i) Text Box

(ii) A text area

(iii) A radio button

(iv) A check box

(v) A password box

(vi) A submit button

(vii) A label

<LABEL for = label “> content here </LABEL>

Q51. Expand the following:

Ans:XML:- Extensible Markup language

EDI:- Electronic data Interchange

CSS:- Cascading Style Sheet

DTD:-Document Type Definition

Q52. What is markup Language?

Ans:- A markup language is set of rules/tags that define the structure and format of text while presenting text.

Q53. what is XML?

Ans:- XML is eXtensible markup language which allows to create application specific structured documents by allowing creation of new tags. These structured documents can later be rendered(i.e. presented in human understandable manner) in different ways.

Q54. Name some markup languages based on XML?

Ans:- InkML- Ink Markup Language

RecipeML:-Recipe Markup Language

Q55. What is prolog?

Ans:- The Prolog is a preface or introduction to XML document. It can contain upto five option components. The grammar structure of the XML document is defined under prolog.

Q56. What is data instance?

Ans:- The data instance consists of real data and its description through elements. It is also known as body of XML document.

Q57. What is element? What is attribute?

Ans:- Elements are means to define individual data items. An element begins with a start tag and ends with an end tag.

Attributes are the property settings of element given through name values pairs.

Q58.What is DTD?

Ans: DTD is set of rules that defines what tags appear in an XML document, so that viewers of XML document know what all the tags mean. DTDs also describe the structure of a document.

Q59. What is a valid document?

Ans:- A valid XML document is the one that is well formed and confirms to the specifications of DTD. In other words, valid documents must confirm not only to the syntax, but also to DTD.

Q60. Name a predefined markup language?

Ans:- HTML

Q61. Name a meta language?

Ans:- SGML and XML

Q62. Can an XML document be well formed but not valid or vice versa?

Ans:- An XML document can be well formed but still not valid, but each valid document has to well formed.

Q63. What all tags are required in every HTML page?

Ans:- <HTML>, <HEAD>, <TITLE> and <BODY>

Q64. What is root element? What is its significance? What is its alternate name?

Ans:- XML documents require that there must be one element which is parent of all other elements in data instance.

The parent element of all other elements in data instance is known as root element or document element.

Q65. How are tags used in XML different from tags in HTML? Write two points.

Ans :- XML

· New tags can be created using XML

· XML tags cannot be empty tags.

HTML

New tags cannot be created using HTLM tags
HTML tags can be empty tags.

Q66. What is wrong in the following coding?

(i) <HEAD><my web page>

<TITLE> welcome to my web page

</HEAD>

</TITLE>

Ans:- <my web page> is not an HTML tag

(ii) <FONT name= “Arial”, type =”Bold” size=3>

Ans:- name is not an attribute of tag <FONT>

(iii) <FONT face = comic sans ms color= Red>

Ans:- attribute values should be in double codes

(iv) <FONT color= #345678

Ans:- Ending of tag is missing

(v) <BODY color = “Red” background = “Myimage .jpg”>

Ans:- color is not an attribute of <BODY>

(vi) <BR </BR>

Ans:- <BR> represents single action and do not have beginning or ending.

(vii) <P Font face = “Arial” color = “Blue”>

Ans:-<P> and <FONT> have not been combined correctly.

(viii)<Body Margin top = 60 left =75>

Text with changed margin </Body>

Ans:- Margin Top and Left are not attributes of tag<Body> . For given Top margin TopMargin attributes should be used and for setting Left margin attribute should be used.

(ix) <BASEFONT SIZE =5>

<BODY> Text with New format </BODY>

Ans:- <BaseFont Size =5> should come after <BODY>

(x) <HTML>

<HEAD>

<TITLE> New Page

</HEAD

</TITLE>

</HTML>

Ans:- Ending </TITLE> of title tag should come before ending of head tag i.e. </HEAD>

Q67. Differentiate between <TITLE> and <HEAD> tag

Ans:- The HEAD tag is used to define the document header. The HEAD tag contains information about the document including its title, scripts used, style definitions and document descriptions.

The title element contains your document title and identifies its content in a global context. The title is typically displayed in the title bar at the top of the browser window.

To add <HEAD> tag we enter it between <HTML> tags ; to add <TITLE> tag we enter in between <HEAD> tag.

Q68. Differentiate between container and empty tags.

Ans:- Container elements require pair tags i.e a staring as well as an ending tag i.e <TITLE>…<?TITLE>, <HEAD>…</HEAD>.

Empty elements require just a starting tag and not an ending tag e.g. <BR>, <BASE>.

Q69. List and define different types of heading tags.

Ans. Different types of heading tags are <H1>, <H2>, <H3>, <H4>,<H5>, and <H6> each one representing different levels of headings with <H1> being the largest.

Q70. List and explain the different attributes of body tag

Ans:-

(i) background:- to load an image and using it as a background when displaying a page.

(ii) bgcolor:-to change background color

(iii) text:-to change color of text.

(iv) link:-to change color of links

(v) vlink:-t change color of visited links

(vi) alink:-to change color of active links.

(vii) leftmargin:-to leave some blank area in the left side.

(viii) topmargin:-to set the top margin i.e distance from top edge.

Q71. What is the difference between <BASEFONT> and <FONT> tag?

Ans:- The <BASEFONT> tag lets you define the basic size for the font, the browser wil use to render normal document text i.e the text for which no other font size setting has been provided. The <FONT> tag lets you change the size, style and color of text It is generally used for changing the appearance of a short segment of text.

Q72. What is the role of ALIGN attribute of <TABLE> tag

Ans:- To align a table , ALIGN attribute of <TABLE> tag may be used. This can have values left, right and center indicating that that the table should be placed against the lefty or right margin of the text flow, with the text flowing around the table, or in the middle with the text flow above and below.

Q73. Differentiate between ordered and unordered lists?

Ans:- The <UL> tag is used for defining unordered list(or unnumbered list). In these lists a special bullet symbol appears in front of every list item.

The <OL> tag is used for defining ordered lists. In these lists a number or letter appears in front of every list item.

Q74. Write HTML code to produce these controls:

Ans:- (i) a text box :-

(ii)a text area with 10 rows and 30 columns:-

Enter description here

</TEXT AREA>

(iii)A password text box

Ans:- <INPUT type = “password “ name = “ name of password box”>

Q75. Compare HTML and XML briefly?

Ans:- HTML

HTML documents formats and displays web pages data
HTML tags are predefined
HTML tags may not have closing tag
HTML tags are not case sensitive
HTML document documents are directly viewable in a browser.

XML

XML documents carry data along with their description
XML tags are not predefined
XML tags must have a closing tag
XML tag are case sensitive.
XML document can be viewed only if proper CSS/XSL file is also available along with XML file.

Q76. What is the significance of root element? What is its alternative name?

Ans:-XML documents require that there must be one element which is parent of all other elements in data instance.

The parent element of all other elements in data instance is known as root element or document element.

Q77. What is declared empty tag?

Ans:- A declared empty tag (or simply empty tag> is a tag without end tag. It is written as the tag name with a following slash e.g. <etag/> can be written in place of writing

Q78. What is XML document system? How it is different from XML document or XML file?

Ans:- XML document system is the set of all related files and documents that are needed when an XML based file is to be rendered on web. It comprises of :-

(i) a stylesheet file (CSS or XSL etc.)

(ii) grammar structure(DTD).

(iii) Semantics of data <XML file>

The XML document or XML file is a component of XML document system. An XML document contains the real data and its semantics.

Q79. What do you understand by well formed document?

Ans:- A document that obeys the syntax of XML is well formed document.

A document that includes sequence of markup characters that cannot be parsed or are invalid cannot be well formed. If all tags in a document are correctly formed and follow XML guidelines, then a document is considered as well formed.

Q80. What do you understand by elements and attributes of XML document?

And:- Elements are means to define individual data items. An element begins with start tag and ends with end tag

The properties of elements cab be described through attributes. Attributes are the property settings of element, given through name value pairs.

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CLASS XII

Thursday, 7 May 2015

HTML & XML

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